Iodine, a critical mineral, is essential for thyroid health and metabolic regulation. It plays a key role in the synthesis of thyroid hormones, which are pivotal for growth, development, and metabolic processes. This overview sheds light on the importance of iodine, highlighting its sources like iodized salt, seafood, and dairy, and its vital role in supporting overall health. Adequate iodine intake is especially crucial during pregnancy and early childhood for proper brain development, underscoring its significance in a healthy diet.